Referring to both pharmaceutical Essay Example for Free

Alluding to both pharmaceutical Essay Alluding to both pharmaceutical and tobacco organizations, clarify how transnational enterprises can impact the soundness of individuals in nations at various phases of advancement (15) Both pharmaceutical and tobacco organizations can be transnational partnerships and some use gigantic global force and impact covering more than one hundred nations with billions of pounds worth of benefit; in 2009, GlaxoSmithKline had an overall gain of roughly. 6 billion! A few partnerships have, for instance, utilized their benefits to help battle across the board maladies in less financially created nations (LEDCs, for example, GlaxoSmithKlines help in the battle against Lymphatic Filariasis in Asia, Africa and Latin America. Some have set up wellbeing programs in more monetarily created nations (MEDCs) to decrease regular medical issues in these territories, for example, various kinds of malignancy. Be that as it may, a few enterprises just gracefully individuals with the way to decay their wellbeing, for example, some tobacco organizations like British American Tobacco, particularly in LEDCs, however both pharmaceutical tobacco organizations assume a significant job in the strength of the universes individuals. A pharmaceutical organization is an organization, which creates, delivers and markets drugs authorized for use as prescriptions, so clearly these organizations assume a gigantic job in the wellbeing of individuals worldwide as they give medicine against ailments that would hurt wellbeing. In LEDCs, meds can be pricey and in certain nations on the planet, in sub-Saharan Africa for instance, people groups wages might be infinitesimal to such an extent that they may not have the option to bear the cost of food not to mention medication. Pharmaceutical organizations make two sorts of medication: marked and nonexclusive. Marked medications are three to multiple times more costly than nonexclusive medications thus in LEDCs they are out of the majoritys reach, yet they are protected and their synthetic piece can't be duplicated for a long time; this implies should another organization wish to imitate the particular medication so it tends to be made accessible at a less expensive cost for the market in LEDCs, it is absurd because of the patent. Along these lines this has adversely influenced people groups wellbeing in LEDCs, as most of passings from sickness in LEDCs (barring HIV/AIDS) are treatable with cutting edge prescription however it is the means by which the medicine is sold by pharmaceutical organizations that forestalls drug getting to these nations. Less expensive medications to battle these normal ailments can't be delivered as some pharmaceutical organizations protected their marked medications to build their benefits and kill rivalry from rival pharmaceutical organizations. Albeit pharmaceutical organizations might be hurting the wellbeing of populaces in LEDCs by protecting their medications for a long time, a large number of their medications are fabricated in production lines that are situated inside LEDCs as they are regularly far less expensive than creating drugs in MEDCs as pay guidelines are a lot stricter and land is substantially more costly. Pharmaceutical organizations need to fabricate as much item as possible to amplify benefit thus, for instance, Bayer HealthCare, whose central station is in Germany, produce drugs in Morocco, Indonesia, Columbia, Guatemala and El Salvador which are all LEDCs. The way that huge amounts of medications are delivered in these nations implies that the pharmaceutical organizations will require a huge, low-talented workforce to do humble occupations in the industrial facility. In contrast with pay rates in MEDCs, the laborers in LEDCs are paid far less, however it is significantly more than numerous individuals would have had the option to gain before their occupations in the production lines, the same number of these LEDCs depend vigorously on farming which is frequently an exceptionally low-paid type of business. With this more significant compensation, individuals might have the option to manage the cost of human services and the more costly marked medications that they are assisting with assembling. A few laborers human services may even be incompletely paid for by their manager, in this manner helping better the wellbeing of the populace in LEDCs. Pharmaceutical organizations, for example, GlaxoSmithKline and Bayer HealthCare, are thought to have a social and good obligation to help in the battle against illnesses on the off chance that they discover a remedy for them during their medication innovative work. Infections, for example, Malaria, Yellow Fever, Tuberculosis and African Sleeping Sickness are on the whole treatable with drugs delivered by pharmaceutical organizations. Notwithstanding, these organizations are in a generally entrepreneur industry that needs to boost benefits at every possible opportunity and giving free clinical consideration to individuals in LEDCs is regularly not done, however GlaxoSmithKline and Bayer HealthCare have begun an insurgency in this field by demonstrating that by utilizing just a little part of their tremendous benefits they can help improve the wellbeing of a large number of individuals around the world. GlaxoSmithKline, for instance, found albendazole in 1972 and was seen as viable against roundworms and tapeworms which caused Lymphatic Filariasis (LF), a malady that causes changeless incapacity and at present 120 million individuals are tainted with the sickness in Asia, Africa and South America. Since 2008, GlaxoSmithKline gave more than 1. 4 billion albendazole medicines to 48 LEDCs. Their point is to give as much albendazole as required to treat the 1 billion individuals in 83 nations in danger from LF. They likewise joined the Global Alliance to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis (GAELF) in 2000 as an establishing part and work along with governments just as non-administrative associations (NGOs) to dispose of LF. This is only one case of the work that pharmaceutical organizations have done in LEDCs to improve the strength of the occupants by giving free prescription at the expense of a little extent of their multi-billion pound yearly benefit. Pharmaceutical organizations have had a huge nearness in LEDCs in late history thus have numerous tobacco organizations, followed back to exchange and pioneer joins in the last piece of the thousand years. Tobacco organizations feel substantially less of a commitment to help annihilate illness than pharmaceutical organizations do and consequently hardly any tobacco organizations have contributed, to the detriment of their benefit, in wellbeing plans to help the infection stricken in LEDCs. They are substantially more keen on making sure about a drawn out network of purchasers requesting their item. English American Tobacco (BAT) in Africa is a prime case of this entrepreneur, benefit driven disposition in LEDCs. In Malawi, BAT upheld the offer of single cigarette sticks, which were exceptionally mainstream with kids as they were so modest; a solitary cigarette costs one fifth of the cost of a solitary roll, which in any event has some dietary benefit. BAT utilized a solitary stick battle to attempt to energize whatever number youngsters as could be expected under the circumstances to begin smoking as they realized that once they had attempted a couple of they would inevitably get dependent on their item, which is wondrous news for their benefit, as their body discloses to them that they need a cigarette thus they purchase a greater amount of their item and hence, 80 000 to 100 000 kids begin smoking worldwide consistently. Promoting to kids thusly guaranteed that BAT kept up a consistent gathering of shoppers to supplant the smokers that either, more probable, kicked the bucket from smoking-related maladies or quit smoking. Smoking causes numerous sorts of malignancy, for example, lung, throat, kidney and liver tumors, and emphysema is additionally a typical issue and at regular intervals somebody bites the dust from tobacco use. Albeit, similar to pharmaceutical organizations, they give work to neighborhood individuals, they are regularly just scarcely any tobacco plant ranchers and are paid almost no and don't get the social insurance that pharmaceutical organizations give. In this way, in LEDCs tobacco organizations are having a terrible impact as they cause numerous perilous illnesses and their promoting efforts give little indication of needing to help kill the issue. Just as having a nearness in LEDCs, pharmaceutical and tobacco organizations have nearness in MEDCs too. Pharmaceutical partnerships central station are regularly situated in MEDCs, for example, the base camp of Bayer HealthCare in Germany and GlaxoSmithKline in the UK. They frequently do the majority of their innovative work in MEDCs, as they have simpler access to exceptionally created offices and research facilities to direct tests. Much like in LEDCs, pharmaceutical organizations give work in MEDCs, yet this is regularly considerably more gifted work in examination and lab work and is generously compensated not at all like in LEDCs where are less severe pay limitations. Most of individuals in MEDCs have a high salary in correlation with those in LEDCs thus can along these lines bear the cost of the marked medications that pharmaceutical organizations produce and cunningly advertise. The offer of these marked medications in MEDCs to purchasers is the place most benefits of pharmaceutical organizations are made. They are not out of reach as they were in MEDCs and thus the wellbeing of the populace in MEDCs is frequently much better and the conventional medications gave to wellbeing administrations in MEDCs are regularly very modest and are effectively open lessening the degree of sickness in MEDCs. Despite the fact that marked medications may make less expensive, nonexclusive duplicates of these medications inconceivable, in light of people groups higher discretionary cashflow, individuals can bear the cost of the marked medications and are eager to pay additional cash for the information that is created by a veritable pharmaceutical organization and not a grocery store turn off. Much like the social and good duty pharmaceutical organizations felt in LEDCs, they are additionally feel committed to take care of the basic illnesses in MEDCs too, in spite of the lower level of sickness. An immense medical issue in MEDCs are STIs and STDs among young people and costs social insurance benefits bunches of cash to treat these sicknesses. In the UK in 2008 there were 123,018 new conclusions of chlamydia in facilities: a record number. Moreover from 1999 to 2008 there were multiple times the quantity of essential and auxiliary conclusions of syphilis. The Bayer HealthCare pharmaceutical organization began a

Antidepressants Are over Prescribed Essay Example

Antidepressants Are over Prescribed Essay Example Antidepressants Are over Prescribed Essay Antidepressants Are over Prescribed Essay Antidepressants are overprescribed Mitrea (2007) characterizes antidepressants as a specialist or a medication that is most ordinarily used to forestall or treat melancholy. In any case, in today’s society one might say that antidepressants are being over endorsed and are being utilized to treat a huge scope of different conditions, just as clinical discouragement. At the point when the principal energizer was created, producers were hesitant to put it available because of the incredibly low number of individuals experiencing discouragement. Presently, energizer drugs have an extremely prevailing spot in the medication advertise, with contemplates indicating that they are currently one of the most generally endorsed classifications of medications (Mark 2010). There could be various explanations behind this expansion in energizer medicines; more individuals in today’s society could be experiencing gloom, or the medications could without a doubt be being over endorsed by specialists. This exposition will expect to fundamentally examine whether antidepressants are being over endorsed or maybe under recommended, and if the finding for gloom should be checked on so as to endorse antidepressants all the more properly. Different investigations have been done that expect to show that the extent of antidepressants being recommended without a mental conclusion is developing, reasoning that stimulant medications are being overprescribed. Research by Mojtabai Olfson (2011) found that the expansion throughout the years has originated from remedies composed by non-specialist suppliers, for patients who don't have a mental or emotional well-being conclusion. Antidepressants are not being endorsed exclusively for wretchedness; they are likewise used to treat incessant torment, tension, alarm issue, over the top habitual issue and in any event, dietary problems (Parker 2005). The side effects for misery are a discouraged state of mind, enjoying less life, absence of vitality, changes in craving, eager propensities, feeling useless and regretful, and self-destructive considerations (American Psychiatric Association [DSM-IV-TR], 2000), however even with these parameters, it can in any case be hard to recognize serious sadness from common times of feeling â€Å"down. Mojtabai Olfson (2011) checked on a national example of office based doctor visits over a multi week time frame. They looked at visits that included the solution of antidepressants with no mental determination with visits that included the remedy of antidepressants with a mental conclusion. The discoveries demonstrated that in the general medication practice, the utilization of antidepressants was progressively predominant among individuals with emotional wellness conditions that were viewed as less extreme and that were ineffectively characterized (John Hopkins University Blomberg School of Public Health 2011). To the degree that antidepressants are being endorsed for utilizes not upheld by clinical proof, it might be gainful to improve provider’s recommending rehearses, survey medicate models, or seek after mediations that will increment and empower correspondence between essential carers and emotional wellness experts. The rising number of stimulant solutions brings up issues about over remedy as well as about misdiagnoses. It could be reasonable for state that specialists rush to distribute solutions for any enthusiastic issue. The ascent in remedies could be down to patients being determined to have sadness when they are in truth experiencing distinctive medical problems. Specialists have been researching whether individuals who have been told they are experiencing sadness really have undiscovered hypothyroidism (Garber 2006). Hypothyroidism is a sickness wherein the thyroid organ neglects to deliver enough thyroid hormone (Andrews 2010). The indications of this ailment can emulate the side effects of despondency, and it could be conceivable that the development in upper recommending is heading off to the network of undiscovered thyroid patients. It is reasonable for inquire as to why specialists will in general hand out a remedy for an energizer as opposed to run thyroid tests. The response to this is well on the way to do with time and cash. It is a lot speedier for specialists to compose a solution for an upper medication than to examine patients regarding their wellbeing history (Shomon 2011). Macdonald et al. (2009) propose that the ebb and flow levels of energizer recommending should be surveyed. In this investigation, which gave an understanding into General Practitioners (GPs) points of view on the ascent of stimulant solutions, it was obvious that numerous GPs accepted that despondency, exacerbated by social hardship and the breakdown of conventional social structures, was being ‘medicalised’ improperly (Macdonald et al. 2009). Nonetheless, investment in this examination was deliberate so all things considered, GPs who were keen on emotional well-being and OK with their own endorsing practice would be bound to partake, subsequently bringing up the issue; are antidepressants truly overprescribed? Regardless of the expanding number of studies on the over solution of antidepressants some help this ascent in stimulant use, contending that it is smarter to analyze misery again and again and excessively little (Barber 2008). Research has additionally been led not on over remedy, yet in truth under solution of antidepressants. These analysts are testing the wide-spread presumption that specialists are distributing antidepressants again and again, and recommend that they are in actuality being underused rather than abused. Rather than the investigation by Macdonald et al. (2009), Cameron et al. (2009) tested the speculation that GPs endorse antidepressants to patients who are probably not going to require them. The discoveries recommend that the ongoing records of the abuse of antidepressants are outlandish. The endorsing of antidepressants to those patients who were not suggestive was represented by backslide counteraction, and for the continuous effective treatment of recently distinguished gloom. Among the patients with plausible despondency, half didn't have their indicative status distinguished and were not offered any treatment for misery, recommending that GPs may under endorse, as opposed to over endorse antidepressants (Cameron et al. 2009) The inexorably regular conviction that antidepressants are being over recommended is for the most part down to the way that the quantity of energizer solutions has fundamentally ascended in the course of the most recent couple of years. Nonetheless, when scientists looked all the more carefully at stimulant recommending movement, they found an out and out various circumstance, which indicated that solitary few patients were being given such medications without reason (Reid 2009). The fundamental point of the examination was to explore whether patients who didn't meet the standards spread out in the national rules were pointlessly being recommended antidepressants, which are additionally regularly used to treat torment. The discoveries demonstrated that lone 3 out of an aggregate of 897 patients who participated in the investigation were being given an energizer tranquilize superfluously. Numerous patients who met the measures in the national rules and qualified for treatment with antidepressants were not being given them, which adds to the supposition that GPs are fundamentally under diagnosing the state of wretchedness. As indicated by Reid (2011), the supposition that antidepressants are being over-endorsed is being fuelled by the manner by which measurements are at present being utilized to dissect the circumstance. He says that the numbers are just founded on the volume of remedies and don't give any data on contrasts in the portion or the term of treatment. As of now, the insights measure the quantity of remedies being passed out for energizer drugs. Fundamentally, they don’t give any sign of what number of individuals are really ingesting the medications. In the event that the portions of antidepressants expanded, or the length of the treatment was stretched out, there would be an expansion of the remedy measurement with no adjustment in the quantity of individuals being dealt with (Reid 2011). The contentions about the over and under recommending of antidepressants brings up a significant issue; Are antidepressants extremely powerful at treating sadness and would it be a good idea for them to try and be endorsed by any stretch of the imagination? Studies recommend that the famous energizer drugs are not any more powerful that a fake treatment. Kirsch (1998) explored this case by contrasting the improvement in patients taking antidepressants with the improvement in those taking fake treatment pills and found that the thing that matters was little. Patients on a fake treatment improved about 75% as much as those on real antidepressants (Begley Kliff 2010). From these discoveries it is apparent that seventy five percent of the advantage from antidepressants is by all accounts a misleading impact. It tends to be contended that these distributions that guarantee that antidepressants don’t work any better than a fake treatment are an exceptionally deceptive translation of proof that shows that antidepressants accomplish work, even in less seriously discouraged patients, with the drawn out advantages of the medications indicating a significantly more grounded impact (Melander et al. 008). Geddes et al. (2003) states that the capacity of antidepressants to forestall further scenes of sadness is probably the most grounded finding in the entire of medication. Fake treatment has an effect on mind-set when utilized in clinical preliminaries, however the impact is substantially less than that of antidepressants. In addition, if the impacts of antidepressants are contrasted and those of no treatment, as is now and then accomplished for psychotherapy preliminaries, at that point the impacts of medication medicines are as large as those of talking treatments (Nutt Sharpe 2008). Most GPs concur with the case that energizer remedies are to be sure being overprescribed without an appropriate analysis, and studies propose that endorsing conduct needs to change so as to diminish thi

Battle of Kennesaw Mountain in the Civil War

Clash of Kennesaw Mountain in the Civil War Clash of Kennesaw Mountain - Conflict Date: The Battle of Kennesaw Mountain was battled June 27, 1864, during the American Civil War (1861-1865). Armed forces Commanders: Association Significant General William T. Sherman16,225 men Confederate General Joseph E. Johnston17,773 men Clash of Kennesaw Mountain - Background: In the pre-summer of 1864, Union powers under Major General William T. Sherman amassed at Chattanooga, TN in anticipation of a battle against General Joseph Johnstons Army of Tennessee and Atlanta. Requested by Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Award to take out Johnstons order, Sherman had under his heading Major General George H. Thomass Army of the Cumberland, Major General James B. McPhersons Army of the Tennessee, and Major General John Schofields little Army of the Ohio. This consolidated power numbered around 110,000 men.â To safeguard against Sherman, Johnston had the option to accumulate around 55,000 men at Dalton, GA which were isolated into two corps drove by Lieutenant Generals William Hardee and John B. Hood. This power included 8,500 rangers drove by Major General Joseph Wheeler.â The military would be strengthened from the get-go in the battle by Lieutenant General Leonidas Polks corps. Â Johnston had been selected to lead the military after its annihilation at the B attle of Chattanooga in November 1863. Â Though he was a veteran administrator, President Jefferson Davis had been hesitant to choose him as he had demonstrated a propensity to protect and withdraw in the past instead of adopt an increasingly forceful strategy. Clash of Kennesaw Mountain - Roads South: Beginning his crusade toward the beginning of May, Sherman utilized a methodology of move to drive Johnston from a progression of cautious positions.â An open door was lost in the month whenever McPherson botched an opportunity to trap Johnstons armed force close Resaca.â Racing to the zone, the two sides faced the uncertain Conflict of Resaca on May 14-15.â In the wake of the fight, Sherman moved around Johnstons flank compelling the Confederate administrator to pull back south.â Johnstons positions at Adairsville and Allatoona Pass were managed in a comparative fashion.â Slipping west, Sherman battled commitment at New Hope Church (May 25), Picketts Mill (May 27), and Dallas (May 28).â Slowed by substantial downpours, he moved toward Johnstons new protective line along Lost, Pine, and Brush Mountains on June 14.â That day, Polk was killed by Union big guns and order of his corps went to Major General William W. Loring. Skirmish of Kennesaw Mountain - The Kennesaw Line: Withdrawing from this position, Johnston built up another protective line in a bend toward the north and west of Marietta.â The northern piece of the line was secured on Kennesaw Mountain and Little Kennesaw Mountain and afterward stretched out south to Olleys Creek.â A solid position, it overwhelmed the Western Atlantic Railroad which filled in as Shermans essential gracefully line north.â To shield this position, Johnston set Lorings men in the north, Hardees corps in the inside, and Hood toward the south.â Reaching the region of Kennesaw Mountain, Sherman perceived the quality of Johnstons fortresses yet discovered his alternatives constrained because of the obstructed idea of the streets in the territory and the need to control the railroad as he advanced.â Concentrating his men, Sherman sent McPherson in the north with Thomas and Schofield expanding the line south.â On June 24, he laid out an arrangement for infiltrating the Confederate position.â This called for McPherson to exhibit against the vast majority of Lorings lines while additionally mounting an assault against the southwest corner of Little Kennesaw Mountain.â The primary Union push would originate from Thomas in the inside while Schofield got requests to show against the Confederate left and conceivably assault up Powder Springs Road if the circumstance warranted.â The activity was booked for 8:00 AM on June 27 (Map). Clash of Kennesaw Mountain - A Bloody Failure: At the named time, around 200 Union weapons started shooting at the Confederate lines.â Approximately thirty minutes after the fact, Shermans activity moved forward.â While McPherson executed the arranged shows, he requested Brigadier General Morgan L. Smiths division to begin the ambush on Little Kennesaw Mountain.â Advancing against a territory known as Pigeon Hill, Smiths men experienced harsh landscape and thick thickets.â One of Smiths units, drove by Brigadier General Joseph A.J. Lightburn, had to swim through a swamp.â While Lightburns men had the option catch a line of adversary rifle pits, enfilading discharge from Pigeon Hill stopped their advance.â Smiths different units had comparable karma and couldn't close with the enemy.â Halting and trading shoot, they were later pulled back by Smiths prevalent, XV Corps officer Major General John Logan. Toward the south, Thomas pushed forward the divisions of Brigadier Generals John Newton and Jefferson C. Davis against Hardees troops.â Attacking in sections, they experienced the dug in divisions of Major Generals Benjamin F. Cheatham and Patrick R. Cleburne.â Advancing on the left over troublesome landscape, Newtons men made different charges against the adversary on Cheatham Hill yet were repulsed.â To the south, Newtons men prevailing with regards to arriving at the Confederate works and were repulsed after stretched out hand-to-hand fighting.â Retreating a short separation, the Union warriors settled in a region later named the Dead Angle. Toward the south, Schofield directed the arranged show however then found a way that permitted him to propel two units across Olleys Creek.â Followed by Major General George Stonemans mounted force division, this move opened a street around the Confederate left flank and put Union soldiers nearer to the Chattahoochee River than the a dversary. Clash of Kennesaw Mountain - Aftermath: In the taking on at the Conflict of Kennesaw Mountain, Sherman endured around 3,000 setbacks while Johnstons misfortunes were roughly 1,000.â Though a strategic thrashing, Schofields achievement permitted Sherman to proceed with his advance.â On July 2, following a few sunny mornings had dried the streets, Sherman sent McPherson around Johnstons left flank and constrained the Confederate chief to forsake the Kennesaw Mountain line.â The following fourteen days saw Union soldiers power Johnston through move to keep withdrawing back towards Atlanta.â Frustrated with Johnstons absence of animosity, President Davis supplanted him with the more forceful Hood on July 17.â Though starting a progression of fights at Peachtree Creek, Atlanta, Ezra Church, and Jonesboro, Hood neglected to forestall Atlantas fall which at long last went ahead September 2. Â Chosen Sources: Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield ParkCivil War Trust: Battle of Kennesaw MountainGeorgia Encyclopedia: Battle of Kennesaw Mountain

20 Best U.S. MBA Programs for 2013 According to Forbes

Here are the 20 best MBA programs in the U.S. for 2013 according to Forbes: SCHOOL AND RANK   Ã‚   PRE-MBA SALARY       2012 SALARY   1. Stanford GSB $80,000 $221,000 2. Chicago Booth $76,000 $200,000 3. Harvard Business School $80,000 $205,000 4. UPenn Wharton $80,000 $205,000 5. Northwestern Kellogg $73,000 $176,000 6. Dartmouth Tuck $72,000 $189,000 7. Columbia Business School    $74,000 $192,000 8. Duke Fuqua $63,000 $152,000 9. Cornell Johnson $59,000 $155,000 10. Michigan Ross $61,000 $153,000 11. UNC Kenan-Flagler $60,000 $141,000 12. MIT Sloan $70,000 $185,000 13. UCLA Anderson $65,000 $165,000 14. UC Berkeley Haas $71,000 $175,000 15. UVA Darden $67,000 $158,000 16. CMU Tepper $60,000 $135,000 17. Brigham Young Marriott $50,000 $109,000 18. Yale SOM $54,000 $144,000 19. Indiana Kelley $50,000 $120,000 20. Iowa Tippie $46,000 $118,000 For more info, please see Forbes’ lead article â€Å"Stanford Tops 2013 List Of Americas Best Business Schools.† Why the Forbes Ranking Matters The Forbes ranking is interesting for one simple reason: It focuses exclusively on ROI five years after graduation. This year Forbes looked at the graduates of 2008, the class that graduated into the Great Recession, the financial melt-down, and the collapse of Lehman Brothers and Bear Sterns. It was a tough time to launch a career. Forbes heard from almost 5,000 grads from 100 schools and â€Å"compared their earnings in their first five years out of business school to their opportunity cost (two years of forgone compensation), tuition and required fees to arrive at a ‘5-year M.B.A. Gain.’† It ranks programs based on that pre-tax gain. (For the details of Forbes methodology, click here.) It does not include programs where less than 15% of alumni responded or where there was negative ROI. It also does assume reduced increase in salary without an MBA. Potential Flaws: †¢ It relies on reporting from grads who have an interest in their alma mater being highly ranked. In other words, like all surveys, it can be gamed. †¢ While Forbes does attempt to reflect financial aid and differences in cost of living, it doesn’t reflect disparities in varied industries and functional roles. You are going to go into a specific field and industry. The averages in that industry are going to matter to you more than the average of the graduating class at your business school. †¢ In its methodology Forbes assumes that without an MBA, the candidates would have had half the increase in salary that they had with the MBA. I don’t know if there is any data supporting that assumption, or if it is generous or stingy. Take-Aways from the Forbes Ranking Despite the potential flaws, the Forbes ranking does have value. I noticed or took away the following: 1.   An MBA from a top MBA program pays, and pays well. It doesnt, or didnt, pay off as quickly as it did 10 years ago, but it pays. A 3-5 year payback with gravy for the rest of your career is an excellent investment. And if you are lucky enough not to graduate into the kind of almost unprecedented financial disaster the Class of 2008 faced, you should have a shorter payback period and higher gain. This is the clearest conclusion from the Forbes ranking. To me, it is far more important than any individual school’s actual rank or even movement of one school since 2011, when Forbes had its last ranking. 2.   The schools with the shortest payback period were NOT the highest ranked programs. They were BYU Marriott, Indiana Kelley, and Iowa Tippie. See â€Å"Busting Two MBA Myths.† 3.   There are some surprising winners (UC Davis, UCLA Anderson, CMU Tepper, Duke, Ross, and UNC Kenan-Flagler) and losers (Yale SOM, UVA Darden, and NYU Stern). I’ve said it before and I’ll say it again. Use rankings for the data they provide and as sources of insight into trends over time. Don’t view any individual ranking as an influential factor in choosing where to apply or where to attend. And for heaven’s sake, take the time to understand what is actually being ranked and evaluated. //

The Relationship Between Police Brutality And African...

Despite the fact that the days of slavery died down hundreds of years ago, racism still exists in many forms today. It may not be as self-evident as it was back when black individuals had to sit at the back of the bus, but in reality, to this day racism still exists in a vicious however very subtle way. Nowadays racism can occur through cultural institutions, individual racism, as well as racial ideology. These forms of discrimination cause racial inequalities which bring about a lack of opportunity and mistreatment. This paper will focus on the relationship between police brutality and African Americans. Let me be clear though police brutality affects the lives of minorities in general, but mostly this epidemic causes repercussions for†¦show more content†¦Looking back at the lives of African Americans during the 1980 s, individual racism was a considerable issue. African Americans were mistreated in many ways, whether it be physical, mentally institutionally. Fast forward to now, African Americans are still being mistreated the same way they were back then. However, this time, it is more subtle. For example, police nowadays are abusing their authority and endangering the lives of African Americans. Much like the early nineties, African Americans are being abused physically, by police of course. Institutional racism decreases the life chances of African Americans, in other words, the opportunity for an individual to improve his or her life. It affects multiple aspects of African American lives such as; access to higher education, home ownership, health care, and much more. Hurricane Katrina was as an example of institutional racism because the government was not quick enough when it came to providing aid to the families who lost their homes. Many of the people that were impacted were black families whose sense of community was diminished due to the tides. Another example of this is when African Americans attempt to obtain a loan for education purposes or for other reasons. In most cases the bank will not approve the loan due to low income, previous credit history or even based on stereotypes. Institutional racism is evident in the criminal justice system through high incarceration rates as

Analysis Of Upton Sinclair s The Flivver King

Flivver King Writing Assignment Zack Seymour US 102/ Professor Ward The Flivver King by Upton Sinclair tackles many social issues that were coming to be in the early 1900’s. Upton Sinclair used fictional characters in his book to depict how society viewed the rise of Ford and other enterprises. As a â€Å"muckraker† Sinclair had meaning behind every character and action in this book. His goal was to expose corporate enterprises for the â€Å"crimes† (no socialism or unionization) they had been committing. Based upon his book, Upton Sinclair would have had many answers why there was no socialism or unionization in the United States. His first answer would be corporate corruption. Big enterprises at this time only cared about their own profits not†¦show more content†¦Upton Sinclair felt that our nation at this time needed to establish a strong union where the workers can actually get help from a stronger organization when going against the corporations. Sinclair wanted a strong Union to help workers get what he feels they deserve, instead of terrible jobs. The reason why there is no strong presence of a labor union in this country is because of the risk that it presented for workers at the time. In the Flivver King, Henry Ford used thugs and goons to intimidate people from not bringing the any kind of union into his company. Upton Sinclair said this in the book, as a beleaguered American socialist in a society that is generally unsympathetic to the plight of the less fortunate, Sinclair pondered the question of why Socialism did not gain a foothold in the minds of the American workers. (Sinclair, Preface viii, xi) This passage shows the mindsets of the factory workers at the time prevented a chance and at a strong labor union. Sinclair feels that if the American workforce could have embraced a more socialist mindset, there could have been some kind of organization to protect them from being exploited and possibly fired just by mentioning the very idea of trying to start or join anything like a union. Other issues pointed out by Sinclair were workers being killed by various factors like poor or unsafe work

System Flowchart Of The Sales Procedures †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The System Flowchart Of The Sales Procedures? Answer: Introduction In the current universe of data innovation new programming has been produced for speedier and more exact investigation of information. Accounting programming is made in light of one of that innovation and it handles all the data identified with an association's accounting. It gets more straightforwardness the entire framework and the benefit of utilizing such programming is that it can influence the accounting to process more proficient. Telstra is an Australian organization which is famous for mainly producing communication networks and mobiles. It also provides internet connections and broadcast television network in Australia. This association likewise utilizes a few accounting programming for getting an incorporated and quick accounting administration. In this report the authoritative structure of Telstra is examined with different highlights and usefulness of the association. The utilization of the accounting programming alongside a few cases of those is additionally incorporated into this report. The setting of utilizing the accounting programming in the usefulness of the association is talked about here in subtle elements. Current Organizational Structure Telstra is one of the biggest Australian Organisations and it mainly provides the network facilities to the Australian. It provides internet connection, television broadcasting to the people of Australia. The organisational structure is designed in a well demonstrated way. The organisational structure of the organisation is give below. Name Post Andrew Penn Chief Executive Officer Alexandra Badenoch Group Executive, Human Resources Stephen Elop Group Executive, Technology, Innovation and Strategy Carmel Mulhern Group General Counsel Brendon Riley Group Executive, Telstra Enterprise Warwick bray Chief Financial Officer Robyn Denholm Chief Operations Officer Will Irving Group Executive Telstra Wholesale Joe Pollard Chief Marketing Officer and Group Executive Media Tony Warren Group Executive, Corporate Affairs Cynthia Whelan Group Executive New Businesses There is a board of directors in the organisation. The members of the board of directors are given below. Name Post John Mullen Chairman of the Board of directors Craig Dunn Director Peter Hearl Director Jane Hemstrich Director Russell Higgins Director Nora Scheinkestel Director Margaret Seale Director Steven Vamos Director Trae Vassallo Director There are different departments and posts under CEO and those are the CFO, COO, Marketing and Media, procurement, Sustainability, Secretyary, Interanal and new businesses, Corporate Affairs, technology, Innovation and strategy, wholesale, consumer and small business, Enterprise and services, HR and the Legal department. All these departments have several sub divisions. Under the CFO there are M A, IR and Treasurer. The customer experience, Business, strategy and operation and the broadcast service are under the responsibility of the COO (Rahman et al. 2015). The Marketing and Media is responsible for the departments like one to one marketing and loyalty, Marketing enablement, products and solutions, consumers and business digital marketing. Device management and operation, operations delivery and performance, mass marketing mobility, product innovation, mobiles, IoT product Engineering and transformation program managing. The CTO, commercial, business techniology services, End-to-en d productivity, cloud strategy and innovation, security analysis, security platform, security analytics and EMEA are under the management of the technology, management and strategy maker. The talent, HR shared services operations, HR, business and customer advocacy, labour strategy and talent management, learning and development, Talent acquisition and the HR and Legal departments are under the responsibility of the HR department. Operational problems due to the present structure Associations as huge as Telstra confront numerous issues as far as administration and authoritative structure: Any sort of issues emerging in the association ought to be examined with concentrate on the main driver of the issue and not the likely indications for the issues emerging in the working environment. It can be simple for the association to concentrate basically on the side effects of the association, which are noticeable in the work environment. On the off chance that distinguishing one underlying driver with different issues then every one of the issues ought to be killed or else the issues may remerge and make an issue once more (Shaul and Tauber 2013). While scanning for the root issues the entire root issues ought to be examined and an arrangement ought to be created to moderate the issues with the association. Each one of the association should know how the association functions. Departmental working ought to be imparted to alternate divisions with the goal that everybody knows the working technique that is occurring around the association. At the point when the change system is occurring in the association, they ought to have the capacity to answer the inquiries being asked to them. Knowing the working method of the association is the key for the representatives. Not including enough individuals in the administration technique can make slacking in the working of the association. To stay aware of the smooth stream of work they ought to include more representatives in the offices. Suitable system acquisition method Framework procurement strategy is imperative for an association to stay aware of the market rivalry. An association can be select from three of the best programming sort, which are accessible: Business programming: programming, which is created to be utilized by any association or individual, is known as business programming. They are for the most part sold in the market at a cost proclaimed by the designers of the product (Larsen, Manning and Pedersen 2013). They are for the most part open source or authorized software's. They incorporate amusements, OS and other programming, which are utilized as a part of everyday life. ERP: ERP or venture asset arranging is a different kind of programming focused to be utilized by centre business working bureau of the association. It encourages the associations to acquire arrange points of interest, producing materials, oversee deals, and receipt orders. Custom programming: Programmings made particularly for the utilization of an association are named as custom software's (Annarelli and Nonino 2016). They are created remembering the determinations of the association who has asked for the product to be produced. This kind of programming's can be a blend of the distinctive sorts of littler programmings in the market. Make this to actualize complex working of various sorts of work into a solitary programming. For the chose association, Telstra the workplace would constrain them to utilize an ERP for the solicitations and coordinations of the distribution centre administration (Sampaio and Bernardino 2016). In any case, the best alternative for the association is to make a custom programming, which will focus on the essential programming's being utilized as a part of the association to be actualized into a solitary one. The product can be made to do a wide range of working of the association, Identification of the control problems in the system and possible frauds in the system Controlling of issues in the working environment ought to be done successfully by the utilization of viable administration arranging (Mahzan and Lymer 2014). Regions of misrepresentation happening are putting in of procurement requests, finance exchange to extortion representative records, organization charge card abuse, and sellers requesting bigger shipment conveyance. The fakes of information robbery from the association can cause security hampering of the workers of the organization. These kinds of cheats can be controlled by the use appropriate safety efforts inside the associations arrange with the goal that no outside gatecrasher can come into the framework and take the information. Isolating the data openness to various progressive areas would give better security of information inside the association. Development and adoption of the accounting software packages Interest for the utilization of cloud based accounting programming was not high in the most recent decade (Barak 2016). As of late after finding out about the advantages of the cloud based, programming's a wide range of associations are endeavouring to receive to the utilization of such software's. Having the capacity of the cloud executed into a product would help the capacity of the data of the cloud. The representatives of the association to use to their advantage can get to the data at that point. The sharing of the data permits the work done on the product to be quick paced. Presentation of Xero, MYOB and Quick Book has brought around transformation in the grounds of accounting software's. The product's permits cloud based accounting advantages and help in turning into the best accessible programming for business administration (Brown 2016). The issue, which was beforehand there was that, the representatives needed to chip away at various programming to finish their work. Presen tly they can take a shot at a solitary coordinated programming, which permits the utilization of cloud based incorporation. The current situation of the hierarchical structure has changed and the organizations have begun receiving the new programming for the advantage of their association (Shaul and Tauber 2013). Computerizing the utilization of the distinctive accounting bundles of the product's assistance them to give the answer to the business effortlessly and quick. The highlights like quick saving money action, savvy reports and simple invoicing of the requests of the association. Accessibility of the utilization of the portable variant of the product likewise causes the representatives to play out their work effortlessly. Leaders in the market and competitive advantage among them There are many competitors in the telecommunication market. There is high rivalry among the telecommunication companies among the world with respect to the service and the plans they provide. Vodaphone, Airtel are one of the biggest organisations who are actually leading the market in the telecommunication (Vlter et al. 2013). As far 31st March, 2017 Telstra had a market share of almost 41.4% in which the post-paid connection is increased by 2% whereas the prepaid connection is decreased by 2% (Telstra.com.au, 2017). As far as the accounting software is concerned there are also many leading organisations in the market of Australia. MYOB and Xero are some of the accounting software which are leading in the market and created a huge response from the organisation for the need of several accounting software. Current challenges and recommendations for users of accounting software Association can have numerous issues, which would require the best utilization of the administration to kill the issues and give answers for the workers of the association. The real issues identified with an association are: Failure to foresee the fate of the association can prompt issues in the association. The administration should enlist an advisor who has the ability to peruse the patterns in the market and investigations the eventual fate of the association in light of the examination of the report (Klettner, Clarke and Boersma 2014). This could be useful for the association as they will have the capacity to comprehend the courses in which they would need to change their advertising methodology. Programming's need in the security convention, which is basic to protect the data from the outcast, assaults (Scott and Davis 2015). Utilization of firewall is insufficient for the product needs to stay aware of the expanding digital assaults and dangers. Utilization of old obsolete programming countenances an issue for the representatives (Pettigrew 2014). The old programming is unequipped for doing more up to date counts, which are fundamental for the simple working of the association. The products are not easy to understand in nature and make the representatives utilizing the product need to endeavour to deliver a superior report to be utilized by the association (Morgan et al. 2015). Conclusion From the above discussion it can be concluded that Telstra has made some amazing progress to wind up plainly one of the biggest association in Australia. Changing their procurement techniques and their authoritative structure to the advantage of the association will help them to remain over the talk as the biggest association in the Australian business. As they give the biggest work energy to the general population around the globe, they should attempt to concentrate on the issues in the associations and relieve them at the most punctual. There is some security issues which ought to be overcome for keeping up the data identified with the authoritative usefulness. Telstra is one of the cases of the associations which are truly profited by the use of such accounting programming. References Annarelli, A., and Nonino, F. (2016). Strategic and operational management of organizational resilience: Current state of research and future directions. Omega, 62, 1-18. Barak, G. (2016). Alternatives to high-risk securities fraud control: proposing a structural transformation in an age of financial expansionism and unsustainable global capital. Crime, Law and Social Change, 66(2), 131-145. Boulianne, E., 2014. Impact of accounting software utilization on students' knowledge acquisition: An important change in accounting education. Journal of Accounting Organizational Change, 10(1), pp.22-48. Brown, T. (2016). Engineering economics and economic design for process engineers. CRC press. Klettner, A., Clarke, T., and Boersma, M. (2014). The governance of corporate sustainability: Empirical insights into the development, leadership and implementation of the responsible business strategy. Journal of Business Ethics, 122(1), 145-165. Larsen, M. M., Manning, S., and Pedersen, T. (2013). Uncovering the hidden costs of offshoring: The interplay of complexity, organizational design, and experience. Strategic Management Journal, 34(5), 533-552. Mahzan, N., and Lymer, A. (2014). Examining the adoption of computer-assisted audit tools and techniques: Cases of generalized audit software use by internal auditors. Managerial Auditing Journal, 29(4), 327-349. Morgan, A., Isaac, M., Scrutton, S., Wedgewood, J., Jankowska, P., and Hwang, D. (2015). EP-1572: Using a commercial software package to support treatment planning peer review in small radiotherapy departments. Radiotherapy and Oncology, 115, S860. Pettigrew, A. M. (2014). The politics of organizational decision-making. Routledge. Rahman, M.M., Ahammed, M., Uddin, M., Rouf, M. and Uddin, M.M., 2015. Obstacles and implementation of accounting software system in Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs): Case of South Asian perspective. Sampaio, D., and Bernardino, J. (2016). Open source accounting software for SMEs. International Journal of Business Information Systems, 23(3), 287-306. Sanders, T., 2016. QuickBooks: The Complete Beginners Guide 2016-Learn How To Efficiently Optimize Your Small Business Accounting Processes!. Scott, W. R., and Davis, G. F. (2015). Organizations and organizing: Rational, natural and open systems perspectives. Routledge. Shaul, L., and Tauber, D. (2013). Critical success factors in enterprise resource planning systems: Review of the last decade. ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR), 45(4), 55. Svobodova, L. and Cerna, M., 2016. Accounting, Economic and ERP Systems on the Czech Scene. Advanced Science Letters, 22(5-6), pp.1170-1174. Vlter, M., Stahl, T., Bettin, J., Haase, A., and Helsen, S. (2013). Model-driven software development: technology, engineering, management. John Wiley and Sons.

Red October Essays - Tlatelolco, Mexico City, Mexico City

Red October Red October It was Wednesday, October 2nd, 1968 in Mexico City, a few weeks away from the Mexico '68 Summer Olympic Games Opening Ceremony. For the last three months, the city had been facing an intensive and stressful situation with the national university students on strike. This strike was initiated at the National Autonomous University of Mexico, from and for the student's sake against its Governing Board. Suddenly, the student's ideals were mixed with a politic radical stream through the well known communist group "El Muro" (The Wall) that was operating underground against the government, which covered almost the entire nation. The city's people were sick of this strike due to its endless resolution, but especially sick of the government that saw this movement getting out of control every day. In order to keep me busy and away from the students strike activities, my dad, with a wise vision, helped me land a job with one of the contracting companies that were in charge of building the general sewer system of the city. For the next five weeks, I got up early in the morning to go to my job, located a few blocks from the Alameda Park in downtown. Everything seemed to be normal for everybody, except for the students' movement, who was organizing a big meeting at "Plaza de las Tres Culturas"(Three Cultures Square) at Tlatelolco City at 5 p.m. This plaza is well known as part of the Aztec pyramid heritage during the Conquest era when the Spaniard's took over. Immediately after contractors found this site, the government declared it a National Treasure to avoid any construction atop it. Surrounding the park, however, a couple of twenty floor apartment building were built for the Mexico '68 Olympic Games. Knowing I still had some connections with the strike leaders, my dad stopped by my office at noon and warned me not to attend the meeting for my own sake. To my surprise, by midday, Guadalupe my girlfriend, stopped by as well to ask me not to go to the meeting as we previously planned. I took her to my car and we drove through the street until we got close by Tlateloco City. All of the sudden I was asked to turn the other direction by a police officer. I was frozen at the steering wheel. I could not believe what my eyes were seeing. With doubts still in my head, I turned and asked Guadalupe if what I was witnessing was real. She said yes, and explained that it was the Army surrounding Plaza de las Tres Culturas, equipped with tanks, assault vehicles, jeeps, and troops; armed and ready to shoot, if needed. The government authorities warned the students on radio and TV news at noon that they were not going to allow any other meeting or manifestation against the University or Mexico government or the government authorities. Not paying attention to what the policemen had said to me, I asked Guadalupe to go back to her house and promised to call her as soon as I went back to mine. I parked my car and walked up to the meeting place. When I got to the plaza, there were almost three thousand students waiting for the speakers to start the meeting. There was not an empty spot in site. I decided to stay away from the crowd but close enough to hear the speakers. By that time, all the people present knew about the army's position. The stress and tension increased while more students were arrived. It was almost dawn when the army finished to surround the plaza. We were all trapped. Nobody knew why the meeting was delayed, but when the speakers were about to start a gunshot crossed the Plaza air. Then another one, and all of the sudden there was a crossfire between the soldiers and apparently some posted "deer hunters" inside the apartments buildings. There was a lot of confusion. The fire was all over the crowd. Students started screaming and running everywhere, and the soldiers tried to keep them in one single block. As they could not stop them, they began to shoot them or stop them with their bayonets. I was experiencing a lot of fear and was afraid for my life. One fellow close to me got shot in the back and fell onto me. He was bleeding all over. While holding him, my hands and clothes filled with blood. I realized that he was dead! Horrified, I dropped him on the floor and started sneaking away from the Plaza. Hiding in different places for several

Free Essays on Greek Play

A Greek’s Talent To be a writer is no easy task. Writing takes a lot of time and creativity. Even for someone to sit down and write, they never compose a masterpiece right from the start. Yet when you look at the Greek classics, you are mesmerized by the author’s ability to make it look so easy. It looks as if they were able to compose literary classics overnight. As if their mind never stops to pause but keeps on creating. Sophocles has it and Aristophanes has it, though both had it on different plans of writing Greeks literary masterpieces. To be a writer of Greek stories, plays you cannot lack, cannot be a second rate writer. Now a-days the entertainment business puts out anything; B-rated movies get produced and showed every week it seems. In Ancient Greeks B-rated plays would never get put on the stage, it would be sacrilegious to deem such a suggestion. If you did not have a top-notch play then your story did not reach the theater. If you did not win a bard you were seen as any thing but great, and anything less than great did not cut it. Greek writers of tragedy and comedy paved the road of greatness that is used down through the ages from such writers as Shakespeare. It takes talent to write such works of art; in this paper you are going to see two great authors contrive two great aspects of Greek writings; characteristics of a Greek tragedy featured in Sophocles Oedipus the King, and a Greek Comedy shown in Aristophanes’ Lysistrata.... Free Essays on Greek Play Free Essays on Greek Play A Greek’s Talent To be a writer is no easy task. Writing takes a lot of time and creativity. Even for someone to sit down and write, they never compose a masterpiece right from the start. Yet when you look at the Greek classics, you are mesmerized by the author’s ability to make it look so easy. It looks as if they were able to compose literary classics overnight. As if their mind never stops to pause but keeps on creating. Sophocles has it and Aristophanes has it, though both had it on different plans of writing Greeks literary masterpieces. To be a writer of Greek stories, plays you cannot lack, cannot be a second rate writer. Now a-days the entertainment business puts out anything; B-rated movies get produced and showed every week it seems. In Ancient Greeks B-rated plays would never get put on the stage, it would be sacrilegious to deem such a suggestion. If you did not have a top-notch play then your story did not reach the theater. If you did not win a bard you were seen as any thing but great, and anything less than great did not cut it. Greek writers of tragedy and comedy paved the road of greatness that is used down through the ages from such writers as Shakespeare. It takes talent to write such works of art; in this paper you are going to see two great authors contrive two great aspects of Greek writings; characteristics of a Greek tragedy featured in Sophocles Oedipus the King, and a Greek Comedy shown in Aristophanes’ Lysistrata....

Deign and Materials Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Deign and Materials - Assignment Example When the characteristic stength for concrete is based on the cube strength it is necessry that it is multiplied by 2/3 because the stength in bending is always significantly less than that resulting from the cube strength†. â€Å"The ultimate load theory analysis is based on the assumptions that plane surfaces remain plane during bending and there is no contribution to the bending strength of the beam from concrete in tension.  The strain therefore varies uniformly down the beam section. The stress diagram however is not linear but has a rectangular parabolic shape as shown below.† â€Å"Briefly illustrate with the aid of annotated plans and elevation sketches, examples showing the differences between functions of braced and unbraced (perimeter and internal) columns required to support loads in a typical four-storey rectangular reinforced concrete structure. (Note: No calculations

The creation of professional police was for the benefit of the middle Essay

The creation of professional police was for the benefit of the middle classes, not society as a whole. Discuss - Essay Example (Dunham & Alpert, 1998; Sampson & Jeglum-Bartush, 1998; Kusow et al., 1997; Cao et al., 1996) It has always been a challenge on the part of UK policing to promote a safe environment for each of the local citizens who are residing in the country. (Newburn, 2003: p. 3) For this study, the history behind UK’s professional police will be discussed to give the readers a better idea with regards to the subject matter. Since determining the public’s satisfaction with regards to the ability of the police to minimize crime rates within the society is considered a crucial component of evaluating the overall performance of the police (Brown & Benedict, 2002), the student will undergo a research study to unveil the truth behind any forms of unequal services given by the professional police towards the society. In the process of searching for the truth, several evidences and reports will be thoroughly discussed as to whether or not professional police was created merely for the benefit of the middle class individuals. Since 1950s, UK’s government and public support in the promotion and strengthening of the professional police has been enormous. (Reiner, 1994) Between 1950s to the last quarter of 1960s, intensive support coming from the UK government and the general public were extended to professional police. For this reason, professional police throughout the United Kingdom has been considered as a ‘role model of successful policing’. (Reiner, 1992: p. 435) During the period of UK’s successful policing, the Scotland Yard detective together with the British bobby played a crucial role in conducting crime investigation aside from maintaining the peace and order within the society.† (Reiner, 1992: p. 435) It was only during the last quarter of 1970s onwards that the general public decided to withdrew their support with the

Women and Numbers by Teri Perl Essay Example for Free

Women and Numbers by Teri Perl Essay For many years, society has presented women to be sweet and man to be tough. Many have encouraged sexist depiction of the sexual category. In addition, this has led to typecasts asserting that girls or women are too emotional and too soft for math and science careers. This is a book that presents women biographies from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries who had an interest in the mathematics subject and they pursued their interests. Different chapters in this book discuss different mathematical actions. A very simple book for the upper-elementary and middle school grades that brings to life the stories of mathematician women from the 19th and 20th centuries. Each biography is followed by a discovery activity. Example, in one of Mary Booles numerous accomplishments she staggered into the creation of string art; the associated discovery activity shows how students can create their own string art designs. The goal of the editor is commendable: to hearten more girls into mathematics and to ignite interest for the field in all students. The write-ups are a pleasure to read. They each give a very individual and encircling picture of the whole woman as mathematician, teacher, mother, wife, or partner. In each, it exemplifies the path they followed, not just career wise but also personally. The impediments of gender and racial prejudice that some of the women faced in following a mathematical career are brilliantly portrayed. An example is Lenore Blum who was not accepted to MIT for her undergraduate degree because there were only 20 dormitory beds available for women. Ideas from the book Each womans mathematical contributions are explained in a language that are easily understandable by a high school or college student interested in what a mathematics career may be like. The three things that all these women had that they excelled in is research, teaching, and service. Research They explored different teaching methods that would be easier to understand and make mathematical solving simpler. With this in mind they attracted the female gender to there classrooms who excelled in the mathematics fields. Teaching Most of the women mentioned in this book climbed to positions such as head of department chair and a good number were involved in developing policies for mathematics departments. Majority of them were supporters for women, blacks, minorities of any kind. Unambiguously, one is left with the certainty that women have done, can do, and will continue to do mathematics. Service Though most of the women were very successful they had a common thread running through the stories of these women, which was they doubted themselves. The service they provided as mathematicians was impeccable despite having to deal with family issues, social stigma, and several other factors that were against them as mathematician women. Themes used Since mathematics is a hard subject to grasp, teaching using a thematic method is a great way to cover a range of topics associated to a particular theme. In this book Women and numbers: Lives of Women Mathematicians plus Discovery Activities by Teri Perl, mentions several themes used by the different women mathematicians. Abstract Algebra An example is Emmy who is well known for being an abstract algebraist. Her focus was on differential and algebraic invariants; the theory of mathematical rings; and non-commutative algebra, linear transformations, and commutative number fields. The main goal of this area is to demonstrate that an invariant (terms that remain unvarying under a group of alteration) can be written as the sum of squares of other numbers. It also wants to show that any two invariants remain invariant. Model theory and differential fields In this theme of model theory and differential fields (logic and algebra), is a theory of calculation and convolution over the real numbers, has focuses on amalgamation of seemingly distinct areas. Sine Sonya Kovalevsky developed this theme one night as she was studying under the covers of her blanket, because the father did not approve her interest in algebra and geometry. To make logic of some of the derivations, she alternated a chord for the mysterious sine, and everything made sense for small angles. Controversies in math Arguments over the technique mathematics is taught and presented in textbooks will continue as long as schools and teachers have the aptitude to choose their own curricula and teaching attitude. Although there are many variables that influence the success of a student, the main influence is the teacher. Depending on how well the teacher formulates the method to use on teaching mathematics will depend on how fast the students will grasp the information. In this book, the only controversy that is on the spotlight is the issue of gender and mathematics. Since the beginning of times, the female gender has been considered to be weaker than the male counterpart and it is not different in the mathematics world. Therefore, every theory that the female gender formulated had to be questioned twice and was criticized before it became published. Conclusion The result is a valuable book for and about women in mathematics at a level appropriate for high school and early college students that celebrates the variety present in the community of women mathematicians. My opinion might be biased being that am a woman, but the book presented challenges that women go through when they are treated as minority when it comes to doing certain things. This book was an encouragement to the girls in their time when gender really mattered in the society and girls were considered inferior to the male gender. The high school girls who believed that math was not for the female gender could now relate to the five women and relate to them. In addition, this has been discussed in the book, how the number of girls doing mathematics increased and they all did well despite what society expected of them. The 9 women were a role model to the high school students especially the female gender. References Perl, T,. (1993). Women and Numbers: Lives of Women Mathematicians plus Discovery Activities. San Carlos, CA: Wide World Publishing/Tetra.

How Do You Define Patriotism? Essay -- Definition of patriotism

Patriotism   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Patriotism is defined as a love for or a devotion to one’s country. With the events that happened in America on September 11th, patriotism has been in everyone’s mind and heart. Young men and women have been enlisting in the armed forces to support America. Americans are flying flags on their cars and homes to show their patriotism. Millions of Americans are donating money and blood in support of the victims of the attacks. I would define patriotism as a loyalty and commitment to America and the people in our country.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One way to define patriotism is to look at an example of my enlistment in the Army and the training that I received in Basic. I decided to join the Army in 1996 after an unsuccessful attempt at college. I decided I wanted to serve my country by defending our freedom in the event that a war should happen and help other countries abroad defend their freedom also. It was in Basic Training that I was taught hand-to-hand combat, how to accurately fire a M16 machine gun, ground tactics and camouflage. The training I received prepared me to be ready to defend America. I was committed to serve and protect the country where I lived. I was displaying my patriotism for America by defending the freedoms that I and other Americans have in this country.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another way to define patriotism is to look at the effect the attack on September 11th had on how Americans show their patriotism. The attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon aff...

Leaders Make a Real Difference in an Organisation’s Performance Essay

Within these qualities over history great leaders have developed detailed theories that are constantly being utilized within successful corporations today. Amongst these are Trait theory, Behavioural theories and also the Situational contingency theories that were used to represent successful leadership qualities. Great leaders become highlighted in times of oppression, utilizing their talents to move forward and have solid control of their organisations, in turn developing positive organisational performance. Through past generations leadership had developed to the ultimate success it is today. Through multiple theories, leadership has moved to the point where it now has a factual impact on organisations performance. The contemporary management theories are used in numerous ways of motivating, creating opportunity providing inspiration and resulting in a definite increase in organisational performance. This is evident in today’s society, through a minimal view of coaching sporting teams to the operations of large corporate groups such as Wesfarmers. Creating opportunity, Throughout history, it has been clearly evident that a great leader’s input shall reflect with a great performance output, thus developing opportunities for individuals to accomplish their maximum potential. â€Å"Leaders create opportunity for individuals within their sphere of influence† (urbanfoot. ca, 2009), opportunity being a set of circumstances that makes it potentially possible to achieve anything from extrinsic to intrinsic rewards. This creation of opportunity manifests itself across the globe in large and small organisations. In contemporary society it is shown by leaders within sporting clubs, the success of the best AFL clubs are built on a hierarchy of leaders, club captains, coaches, and trainers. They are all striving to create opportunity for young potential players. Essendon football club’s great success over the past numerous decades have been because of the major influential leadership role James Hird has played within the club. James Hird leading his club by being captain through two premierships and is now today still leading the club by coaching. His career of captain assisted with the creation the opportunity for the club leaders today and now he is continuing his leadership role by coaching the team, it is evident with his club involvement there is a definite outcome of organisational performance. As well as leading through creating opportunity, great leaders strive to inspire others within their environment. Inspiration, Leaders aim to inspire individuals within their vicinity to pursue the outcome of organisational performance. This constant attempt to provide inspiration is strongly shown by our world’s best leaders that are driving the powerhouse of our world’s economy. Steve Jobs, co-founder of Apple, Phil Knight, founder of Nike and Richard Branson founder of Virgin Group, these individuals are amongst many others that are part of the world’s most inspirational leaders. These people have founded some of the world’s biggest corporations by their profound ability inspire. Richard Branson went from developing a school newspaper called Student to operating one of the world’s most complex conglomerates know as Virgin Group. Branson’s life motto is to ‘have fun’ this is reason to his positive eccentric personality that reflects to inspire others around him. Lead by example† this phrase is used throughout human life to portray inspiration on others, through creating an inspiration on others leaders are assisting to motivate. Motivation, Motivation is a key part of a great leader’s success in achieving organisational performance. Motivation is referred to as â€Å"the forces within an individual that account for the level, direction and persistence of effort expended at work† (Wood, J. et al, 2010). Motivation on individuals is reflected by successful leaders, through multiple different theories. Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory identifies high order needs and low order needs† (Wood, J. et al, 2010) this details a pyramid that highlights the work motivational needs of individuals, including psychological, safety, social, esteem and self-actualisation. This research has contributed to the success of leaders in motivating and achieving ultimate organisational performance across large contemporary organisations. In many of today’s organisations leaders commonly motivate employees through the use of offering extrinsic rewards, â€Å"positively valued work outcomes† (Wood, J. t al, 2010), this may range from Christmas bonuses to simply allowing the use of a company car. Through the use of extrinsic rewards individuals are motivated to produc e their maximum performance. It is evident in KPMG, one of the world’s largest consulting firms; the use of leaders providing employees with extrinsic rewards motivates employees to achieve their full potential. KPMG provides employees with an annual bonus fluctuating on the employees yearly work effort. In doing so employees are determined to work to achieve a high constant overall organisational performance. Individuals that utilize the use of their leadership talents; creating opportunity, inspiring and motivating individuals will evidently result in reaching an optimum level of organisational performance productivity. Throughout history within these abilities leaders have developed several theories to manage the way it is put into practice. Through the past centuries leaders have always played a pivotal role in the triumph of groups, from the times of Genghis Khan, Napoleon and even Hitler, their efforts have exemplified how great leaders can make a major difference to organisations. All leaders tend to have different styles when it comes to commanding their subordinates and as time has progressed they have been categorized into different approaches and theories. The first theory to be thought up was known as the trait theory, and as the years moved on different studies and research was conducted to the point where different types of leadership are studied. Trait Theory, The trait theory which identifies different traits between leaders and followers, and assumes that leaders are born not developed. The trait theory takes into account physical and mental attributes of people that appeared to be more successful leaders. This theory took into account things such as height, weight and personality, and rather than study each of those in detail, these characteristics were recognised in effective and ineffective leaders. Therefore people could be able to predict if a person was a worthy or unworthy leader, although due to the studies being conducted as early as 1900 there was never any real recording s of evidence. Also there were never any real set of traits that defined a good leader, in other words there was no benchmark, which made it difficult for people to understand the theory as there were great leaders that had different characteristics. For example Hitler had different traits and characteristics to Nelson Mandela, Hitler was considered hard and persistent whereas Mandela was a visionary. Although it is certain that the trait theory set the trend for years to come. Behavioural Theories, The trait theory laid the foundations for what was later known as the behavioural theories; this included the Michigan and Ohio State studies. The behavioural theories compliments the flaws of the trait theory as it is more action based rather than only taking natural aspects into consideration. The Michigan studies showed that there are two types of leaders, employee-centred supervisors and production-centred supervisors. Employee-centred supervisors are leaders who look out for their workers and try to keep them emotionally happy by showing genuine interest in the wellbeing. Whereas production-centred employees are mostly concerned about getting the work done and meeting figures, rather than looking out for the welfare of their workers. Research has shown that employee-centred managers were found to have more efficient and effective groups than production-centred supervisors. The Ohio State studies which are very similar to the Michigan studies showed that leaders had two main dimensions, consideration and initiating structure, which can be related to employee-centres supervisors and production-centred supervisors respectively. Although the results from this study showed different results as the supervisors who received the best output from their employees showed a high amount of consideration and initiating structure. Situational contingency theories, The next sets of theories to be developed were the situational contingency theories, which came about in the 1960’s. These theories involve leaders that can adapt to the situation they are place in, for example Fiedler’s theory predicts work group effectiveness and how it depends on a match between the leader’s technique and the difficulties of the situation. Fiedler also considered the amount of situational control a leader has, which is how well a leader can determine the result of a groups actions and the course the will take on the way. Of course Fiedler was not the only person to come up with situational theories, there was also; Robert House, Paul Hersey, Kenneth Blanchard, Steve Kerr and Jonathon Jermier, but for the purpose of not repeating similar information they will not be discussed. It is fair to say that over the years leadership theories have changed with the times. The trait theory was effective for organisational performance as it helped identify leaders before they even took on a leading role, and although today that might seem politically incorrect, it’s what was suitable for the times. The behavioural theories in the late 1940’s had a great effect on organisational performance because people started to take into account the actions of their leaders and the different effect that certain actions would obtain. The Situational theories took another step into understanding the effect that good leaders can have on organisational behaviour by interpreting the how leaders manage the situation and whether or not they can mould to new and different challenges. As leadership theories have evolved, only the strong have survived, and the recent global financial crisis has provided great challenges for leaders to portray their successful qualities. Leadership is a quality that has grown in human culture over thousands of years and within the past century economies have taken significant falls highlighting the choices great leaders have made to sustain organisational performance through this time. Two significant downturns in history shook the world economy, the great depression of the 1930’s, Franklin D Roosevelt’s leadership qualities particularly exceled through this period and the global financial crisis saw absurd leadership talents ChemChina. These flairs in leadership talent depicted the difference it can asset on organisational performance. Global Financial Crisis – ChemChina In 2007 the world economy fell into the deepest trough in decades, this is known as the global financial crisis, it was considered the worst financial crisis since the great depression in the 1930’s. The global financial crisis saw the collapse of multiple investment banks across the United States of America and developed a ripple effect that was felt by economies across the globe. Great leaders stood out through this period powering their companies without feeling the effect of the economic down turn. One company in particular that continued a sustainable growth in organisational performance is ChemChina. While millions of companies were collapsing and on the verge of insolvency ChemChina’s prime operating income multiplied seven times, total assets increased by 133. 4 billion Yuan and total profits escalated an increased 12 times over, Ren Jianxin the president of ChemChina’s outstanding leadership qualities were the main motive behind the relentless accomplishment. The massive operational increases in production were due to major â€Å"innovations in organisation, institutions and technologies involving changes in their way of thinking, philosophies and producti on technologies and processes†. (Ren Jianxin, 2009) All this required an overall development in their way of leadership, in turn a successful corporate transformation thus organisational performance. 930’s Great Depression – Franklin D Roosevelt The great depression which hit the world through the 1930’s affected the world on a scale that had never been seen before. The depression started in America when stock prices started to fall, and on October 29, 1929 the stock market crashed and the effect spread globally. The effect this had on the world was far worse than anyone could have ever imagined causing people to commit suicide, die of starvation and start their lives over in a new world. Out of this came one of the world’s greatest ever leaders, Franklin D. Roosevelt, who dragged America and the rest of the world out of the depression. Roosevelt took over as president in March of 1933 and re instilled hope back into the American people by promising action and in his first address to the people he said one of today most famous quotes, â€Å"The only thing we have to fear is fear itself†. Roosevelt decided that to get the country out of the position they were in he had to adopt policies that were frowned upon, such as creating deficit budgets, which for the times were unheard of. When Roosevelt pulled the American economy back to its feet he was rewarded by being elected for four successive terms. Roosevelt proved how one great leader can have a major effect on a group of people and that it is not impossible to come back from the dead. Financial crisis’s at any time cause a great amount of angst in the around the world, and it takes very special people to lead corporations, governments or even countries out of these fatal situations. ChemChina and Roosevelt were both innovative in their styles and led their respective organisations either to new great heights or just simply out of a great depression. Throughout the times Leaders have always come under scrutiny from their critics, although one does not attain criticism without achieving. Without Leaders providing their qualities to inspire, create opportunity and motivate, organisations would have a lack of soul and would be forever falling in a negative style.

Rape And The Mortal Rapists - 1437 Words

In ancient Greco-Roman mythic narrative rape is depicted as a normalised and often essential paradigm that is used to show the gods’ dominance over lesser beings. Numerous accounts represent the gods as having transcended the boundaries of justice and morality by highlighting their exemption from prosecution for rape in contrast to mortal rapists, who cannot avoid punishment. Furthermore, aetiological-rape myths reveal that only the gods could bring about creation through rape, whether it be the birth of divine offspring, the dawn of natural phenomena or the founding of new institutions. In this light, the divine rapists are better than the mortal rapists because at least their penetration can prove productive for narrative continuity.†¦show more content†¦On the other hand, mortal barbarian Tereus, who had locked up his sister-in-law in a hut in the woods and had raped and mutilated her, is served up his son Itys for supper as a form of revenge from his wife Procne . Likewise, Ajax and his fleet her subject to Athena’s wrath after he robs Cassandra of her maidenhood in the goddess’s temple . Thus, these mortal rapists seem to be bound to an ill fate while the gods are exempt from accountability. After closer examination it is noticed that there are tonal and textual differences between the myths of divine rapists and mortal rapist, these differences providing support as to why rape by gods seems less punishable than compared to rape committed by mortal men. Much of the Daphne and Apollo story carries a sense of excitement and titillation as Ovid replaces sexually explicit rape with descriptions of Daphne’s beauty and her running away: â€Å"She was graceful to see, as the wind bared her limbs and its gusts stirred her garments †¦ he gave the fleeing maiden no respite, but followed close on her heels, and his breath touched the locks that lay scattered on her neck.† (Ovid, Metamorphoses 1.526-7, 541-3) Apollo cou ld have seized and raped her immediately but instead attempts to woe her with words in a courtly manner. Upon Daphne turning into a laurel tree Apollo declares: â€Å"You (Daphne: laurel) will accompany the generals of Rome, when the Capitol