Changes In Amazon Essays - Amazon Rainforest,

Changes In Amazon During the past several decades, changes in the global climatic pattern has become evident and has attracted much attention from both the general public and the professional environmental organizations. Deforestation is one of the main reasons for these known changes. One of the reasons that cause the disappearing of the Amazon rainforest is industrial logging, which is the single largest problem. Other problems that also contribute to the disappearing of the Amazon forests include road construction, cattle ranching, and the production of wood products, all of which are important factors to be considered. The Amazon rainforest is the world's largest rain forest today, which has 54 percent of the total rainforests that are remaining on the planet. If Amazonia is a country, it would be the ninth largest country in the world. The Amazon is very important because it is a major contributor to the balance of global climatic patterns and because it provides places for variety of living orga nisms. A single pond in Brazil can contain more kinds of fish than are found in all of Europe's rivers. Twenty-five acre of rainforest in Borneo may contain over seven hundred species of trees, which is equal to the number of trees in the whole North America; one single rainforest in Peru has more bird species than the entire United States. One tree in Peru had forty-three different species of ants, which is the estimated to be equal to the number of ant species in the British Isles. The Amazon rainforest is truly amazing. (Taylor, Leslie. Herbal Secrets of the Rainforest. Prima Publishing, Rocklin, CA) (Steen, Harold K., and Tucker, Richard P. Changing Tropical Forests.Forest History Society, 1992) For years, however, the Amazon suffered from non-stop deforestation. It is estimated that, as of 1997, 52 million hactre of Amazon rainforest has been cut down. According to scientific estimation, if such rate of destruction in Amazon is not controlled, nearly 80 to 90 percent of its present ecosystem will be destroyed by the year 2020 (Taylor Leslie, Herbal Secrets of the Rainforest. Prima Publishing, Rocklin, CA). Similarly, the rate of the destruction of rainforests around the world is currently increasing, especially after the year 1997. As Jean-Paul Jeanrenaud, head of the Amazon forest program stated, 1997 will be remembered as the year the world caught fire. During that year, over 200,000 acres of rainforest were cut or burned each day. That is, over 150 acres of rainforests disappeared every minute. At this rate, more than half of the world's tropical rainforest will be cut down for industrial uses in less than 50 years. While it is generally recognized that reforestation pr ograms in the Amazon region are essential to the global climate, the Brazilian economic problems are preventing or delaying the initiation of these programs. Cattle ranching is the primary reason for deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon. When the demand in the world for meat increases, more rainforest lands are being destroyed and turned into farmland for animals. By estimation, there are 220 million cattle, 20 million goats, 60 million pigs and 700 million chickens, in South America just to meet the world's demand. (Eden, Michael J. Ecology and Land Management in Amazonia. London, and New York: Belhaven Press, 1990) The cattle ranching program continues to move southward into the center of South American rainforests. Large acres of land in the Amazon rainforest are been cut and burned then reseeded with grass for cattle and other farm animals. Currently, the cattle ranching business in the Amazon rainforest has caused a total of 500,000 acres of rainforest destroyed. This has already effected the natural rainforest's ecosystem. Environmental Issues

HumanitiesGrecoRoman Culture essays

HumanitiesGrecoRoman Culture essays Aristophanes was a "craft" comedy poet in the fourth century B.C. during the time of the Peloponnesian War. Aristophanes' usual style was to be too satirical, and suggesting the outlandish. He shows little mercy when mocking Socrates and his "new-fangled ideas" which were most likely designed to destroy the cohesiveness of society and lead to The most absurd and humorous of Aristophanes' comedies are those in which the main characters, the heroes of the story, are women. Smart One of the most famous of Aristophanes' comedies depicting powerfully effectual women is the Lysistrata, named after the female lead character of the play. It portrays Athenian Lysistrata and the women of Athens teaming up with the women of Sparta to force their husbands to end the To make the men agree to a peace treaty, the women seized the Acropolis, where Athens' financial reserves are kept, and prevented the men from squandering them further on the war. They then beat back an attack on their position by the old men who have remained in Athens while the younger men are out on campaign. When their husbands return from battle, the women refuse to have sex with them. This sex strike, which is portrayed in a series of (badly) exaggerated and blatant sexual innuendoes, finally convinces the men of Athens and Sparta to agree to a The Lysistrata shows women acting bravely and even aggressively against men who seem resolved on ruining the city-state by prolonging a pointless war and excessively expending reserves stored in the Acropolis. This in turn added to the destruction of their family life by staying away from home for long stretches while on military campaign. The men would come home when they could, sexually relieve themselves, and then leave again to continue a senseless war. The women challenge the masculine role model to preserve...

Operations Decision Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Operations Decision - Essay Example The company has got systems and strategies which assist their clients meet their goals and objectives. XYZ Inc. has in the past adopted a partnership approach to ensure that they work closely and optimize customer contact strategies to live their clients satisfied, increased revenue and with advanced competitive advantage. The company has assisted a number of businesses to develop software’s that fits their operations and also get them new markets. With the designed outbound solutions the company helps cover full spectrum of the clients products with the mind that there are the voice of the clients’ products. Evaluation of Performance Through its various products, the company aims ensuring customer satisfaction through well managed reduced costs by optimizing the business process to support clients. XYZ Inc. has also developed mechanisms to help customers adopt those strategies that ensure valuable long term relationship with their clients. All these strategies have hel ped XYZ Inc. to remain on top of the game and high speed expansion to a number of countries across the globe. Environmental scanning involves study and in-depth interpretation of factors such as political, economical, political, social and technological events which impact the performance of a business. The analyses of these factors are very important as they help determine whether the company should remain in operation or not. Some of the political factors which can influence manager’s decision include taxation policy, trade regulations, government stability and unemployment policy. Given that XYZ Inc. operates in many countries the management is always keen about various regulations. The instability in Syria currently influenced the closure of the offices in that country. Economic factors are also very important in influencing management’s decision. Some of these are inflation rate, recession and customer liquidation. These factors usually influence the way performan ce as it dictates the company’s sales. Socio-cultural factors that influence the management’s decision include age distribution, religion, education levels, life expectancies, population, and income level. The social factors are important as it dictates the purchasing power amongst the clients. When the socio-cultural factors are healthy and favorable in an economy then the power of the targeted clients to buy will be higher. Technology is very important given that XYZ Inc. deals a lot in technological related services. It usually dictates whether the company is in a position to meet the client’s needs. Some of the technological factors include technological changes, improved distribution channels, improved communication skills. Finally the legal and environmental factors which can also be important to the management include; health and safety law, product safety law, advertising regulations law and the labor laws. All these factors are very important in influen cing the management’s decisions on either to shut or remain in operation. Total Variable Cost = (Number of Employees X Employees Daily Wage) + Other Variable Costs = (100 X 70) + $2000= $9000 Total Cost = Total Variable Cost  +Total Fixed Cost = $ 9,000+ Fixed Cost Worker Productivity = Units of Output per Day / Number of Employees 6,000 units in 20 days= 6,000/20=300 per day 300/100= 3 Total Profit/Loss = Total Revenue –

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 196

Essay Example t there is a functional structure that groups people with similar abilities and competences taking up defined roles and functions within the organization. It would be noted that as part of focus strategy, the institution will be seeking to offer customized services that meet the unique needs of customers (Sprigings and Allen, 2007). Such customized and focused services can however not come if round pegs are put in square holes. By rightly placing the human resource therefore, it will be possible to improve the institution’s overall efficiency. What is more, the use of focus generic strategy is expected to bring about and offer financial sustainability as it is to double as a means by which the hospital becomes competitive by gaining the needed competitive advantage to compete with competitor. As the focus strategy comes on board, the organization will no longer be concerned just about customers who come to the institution to do business with it. Rather, it will be expected that the right customers, marketing niche and product lines are found that come directly under the focus of the institution. As a tool for gaining competitive advantage and for that matter financial growth, the focus strategy ensures that most places within the market where competitors have abandoned are areas that are focused on for market expansion (Berkowitz, 2010). By doing this, financial stability can be said to be guaranteed given the fact that those newly identified markets will become a nursery financial outflow for the institution where it can fall on for its future growth. With all the above said, an important realization is that by bringing on board the focus business strategy, the company will be opening itself up to addressing the needs of stakeholders more directly. This is because as stated earlier, the emphasis of the focused strategy will be to serve customized services. Meanwhile, the hospital has never functioned in isolation but with the joint efforts and collaboration of

Discussion 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Discussion 3 - Essay Example To mean, it takes me back in time to an era when sculpting as an art form was in its artistic infancy. The sculpture has a raw look that boggles the human mind. Cady Noland provided us with an extremely descriptive look at an installation art piece with her installation piece â€Å"This Piece Has Yet To Be Titled† from 1989 on page 173 of our book. Her work defines the parameters by which an installation is defined as artwork. It is installed at an exhibition site that used materials of physical features that already exist on site into the art piece. Nolands piece is a modern artistic expression that the sculptor wished to convey by using modern materials such as beer cans and the like which comprise the whole of the structure including the American flag. You have a very easily understandable definition for a sculpture in the round. Indeed it is a free standing art piece and the fact that you chose Obus as the accompanying physical definition shows that you have a deep and clear understanding of a sculpture in the round. By showing the little girl running under the art work, you clearly define that an art form in the round is one that has to be viewed from many angles and is defined from each angle that we look at it from. It is such a coincidence that we both chose to define an installation with the same art piece. Your unique connection between the location and the materials used clearly illustrate the definition of the word. Your definition of a sculpture in the round is a cut a paste job.The mere fact that you were able to define both the sculpture in the round and an installation in the same sentence proves that you did not take our lesson as seriously as you should have. Although you also chose to define Obus, you did not say anything that proves that you studied the art piece. You did not care to explain the three dimensional aspect unique to the round sculpture. Did you

Quality Management Systems Of Dairy In India Environmental Sciences Essay

Quality Management Systems Of Dairy In India Environmental Sciences Essay In the new WTO led freer trade environment, Indian food industry can compete Globally only if it is price and quality competitive .Due to the liberalization of Indian economy and the onset of WTO regime, quality Competitiveness will matter most in Indian food industry. Hence serious consideration had given to quality issues in Indian food industries. The Indian government is motivating the dairy and other food processing industries for adoption of food safety and quality assurance mechanisms such as Total Quality Management (TQM) including ISO 9000, ISO 14000. Hazard analysis and critical control points (HACCP). Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), Good Hygienic Practices (GMP).And this essay also contains Indian Government Regulations in the Dairy Processing Sector. India has two types of sectors for the marketing of milk and its products, one is organized sector and another is unorganized sector. The unorganized sector accounts for 88% of total milk production in India and it includes marketing of raw milk and traditional products such as locally manufactured ghee, fresh cheese, and sweets. The organized sector accounts for 10-12% of total milk production in India and it includes the dairy cooperatives and organized private dairies which produces Western-style dairy processed products based on pasteurization. The share of organized sector in the total milk production handling is increasing by the years (FAO, 2002). India has now become the largest producer of milk in the world, with estimated production of about 81 million tons in 2001(FAO, 2002).Milk production in India accounts for more than 13% of the total world output and 57% of total Asias production. Top five milk producing nations in the world are India, USA, Russia, Germany and France (http://www.aavinmilk.com/dairyprofile.html). After the formation of World Trade Organization(WTO), there were some instances where foreign buyers refused to accept Indian processed food products from Indian food processing industries which did not follow HACCP system.Due to this Industries which are exporting were paying lare amounts of money to foreign consultants for HACCP Implementation (CM, 1997).And also implementing HACCP system has become mandatory for food companies after the formation of World Trade Organization(WTO) and this is due to HACCP is recommended by the Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) and the CAC recommendation has been approved by the Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS) reached under the signs of WTO (Satish Y. Deodhar, 2001). It is an international Body which was established by Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and World Health Organization (WHO) of the United Nations with an objective to protect the health of consumers and to ensure fair practices in the food trade. It gives specifications for International Standards for the safety and quality of food codes of good manufacturing practice. The Standards, guide lines and recommendations specified by Codex Alimentarius commission was recognized worldwide for international trade and negotiations and also for settling of disputes by WTO. (Source: GOVERNMENT OF INDIA OUTCOME BUDGET OF MINISTRY OF FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRIES FOR 2008-2009) Government of India (GOI) Ministry of food processing industries Financial Scheme for Quality Assurance, Codex Standard 2008-2009. Objectives of this Scheme: 1. Motivating the food processing industries in order to adopt food quality and safety assurance systems such as Total Quality Management (TQM) which includes ISO 9000, ISO 14000 and safety assurance systems such as Hazard analysis and critical control points (HACCP),Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) and Good Hygienic Practices (GMP). 2. To make the food processing industries ready to face them to global competition in international trade after the WTO formation. 3. To prepare the food processing industries in such a way that itv will stick to strict quality in hygiene norms. 4. Enhaning the product produced by food processing industries which will accept by overseas buyers. 5. To prepare Indian food processing industry in technologically up to date which will practice international best practices. The Scheme included the following activities: 1. Total Quality Management (TQM). 2. Promoting of Quality Assurance / Safety Concept. 3. Bar Coding. 4. Strengthening of Codex Cell. 5. Upgrading Quality Control Laboratories. 6. Research Development Programmes for food processing industry 1. Total Quality Management (TQM) Ministry of Food Processing Industries (GOI) is running a Plan Scheme which is promoting food processing industries to adopt food quality and safety assurance systems such as ISO 9000, ISO 14000, Hazard Analysis and Critical points (HACCP), Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), Good Hygienic Practices (GHP) .And it has assisted 10 food processing units to implement the HACCP, IS09000, GMP, GHP practices during the year 2007-2008. 2. Setting Up/Up gradation of Quality Control Laboratory Strengthening or Setting up or Networking of laboratories will help in introduction of quality and safety systems in food processing industries and maintaining quality of the product at every level of production. Ministry of Food Processing industries (GOI) has started a plan scheme for setting up/ up gradation of quality control laboratory with objectives like ensuring adoption of National food standards, assisting food industries to develop and implement quality management systems such as ISO9000, HACCP etc., analyzing the samples received from food processing industries, and other stake holder and training in the areas relating to quality improvement through own expertise. The Ministry of food processing industries (GOI) has approved financial assistance to the some organizations during the year 2007-2008 for setting up and up gradation of food testing laboratories like Maarc Lab private limited, Pune.,Council for Food Research and Development, Government of Kerala.,Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur.,Pradeshik Cooperative Dairy Fed. Ltd, Lucknow.,. AcharyaN.G. Agricultural University, Hyderabad and A.P. State Agro Industries Dev.Corpn.Ltd. Hyderabad. (Source: GOVERNMENT OF INDIA OUTCOME BUDGET OF MINISTRY OF FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRIES FOR 2008-2009) Indian Government Regulations in the Dairy Processing Sector: Compulsory legislation 1. Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 1954 The Act was created in Indian Parliament in 1954 in order to prevent adulteration of food and it Rules were formed in the year 1955 .The PFA Act includes food standards, general procedures for sampling, analysis of food, powers of authorized officers, nature of penalties and other parameters related to food. It will give standards to food additives, preservative, coloring matters, packing labeling of foods, prohibition regulations of sales etc. Amendments are incorporated in PFA rules with the recommendation made by the Central Committee of Food Standards (CCFS) which has been setup by Central Government of India under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare comprising members from different regions of the country. The provisions of PFA Act and Rules are implemented by State Government and local bodies as provided in the rules. The provisions of the Act are mandatory and contravention of the rules can lead to both fines and imprisonment. (Source: http://www.fssai.gov.in/PFA.aspx) 2. Milk and Milk Product Order (MMPO) The Govt. of India had announced officially the Milk and Milk Product Order (MMPO) 1992 on 9.06.1992 under the provisions of Essential commodity Act, 1955.According to this order any person or dairy plat handling more than 10000 liters per day of milk or 500 Million tons of milk solids per annum needs to be registered with the registering authority appointed by the Central Government of India. This order aims at to maintain and increase in supply of liquid milk of desired quality in the interests of the general public and also helps in for regulating the production, processing and distribution of milk and milk Products. So far suitable amendments were made by Government of India for this order from time to time in order to make it more liberal and oriented to facilitate the dairy entrepreneurs. The latest amendment was made on 26/03/2002. At present there is no restriction on setting up of new milk plant but requirement of registration is for enforcing the prescribed standards of qua lity and food safety. The salient features of the new amendments include sanitary, hygienic condition, quality, food safety issues and flexible inspection of dairy plant. (Source: http://dahd.nic.in/milkorder.htm) 3. Standards on Weights and Measures (Packaged Commodities) Rules, 1997 These Rules species obligatory conditions should be maintained for all milk and milk products which are in packed form with respect to declarations on quantities contained. And they are operated by the Directorate of Weights and Measures, under the Ministry of Food and Civil Supplies (Government of India). 4. Export (Quality Control and Inspection) Act, 1963 This act was operated by Export Inspection Council (Government of India). According to this Act all exportable milk and milk products should undergo compulsory pre-shipment inspection for quality control. And the quality control and inspection are administered through a network of more than fifty offices located around major production centers and ports of shipment 5. Pollution Control The milk processing industry should take no Objection Certificate from Pollution Control Board which is Compulsory. Voluntary Standards In India there are two organizations which deal with voluntary standardization and certification systems in the food sector. They are: 1. Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) BIS has two types of activities, one is formulation of Indian standards in the processed foods sector and the other is implementation of standards through promotion and through voluntary and third party certification systems. BIS standards cover raw materials permitted and their quality parameters, hygienic conditions under which products are manufactured and packaging and labeling requirements.BIS will give ISI mark that can be exhibited on product packages to those manufacturers complying with standards laid down by the BIS. BIS has made mandatory certification for food colors or additives, vanaspati (Hydrogenated vegetable oil), containers for packing, milk powder and condensed milk. 2. Directorate of Marketing and Inspection (DMI) Agricultural Produce (Grading Marking) Act was formed in the year 1937 which had given power to Central Government of India to frame grade standards for agricultural produce. It has formulated certain Standards under scientific manner and is popularly known as AGMARK standards. Recently food safety factors are being incorporated in these standards in order to compete in World trade and they are harmonized with international standards keeping in view the WTO requirements. They will provide Certification to adulteration prone milk products like Butter and Ghee in order to benefit producer/manufacturer and consumer. The Certification mark under the Agricultural Produce (Grading Marking) Act is popularly known as AGMARK. (Source: http://agmarknet.nic.in/right_DMI.htm) Other Government Regulations 1. Industrial License: Normally in India no license is required for setting up a Dairy Project but a Memorandum has to be submitted to the Secretariat for Industrial Approvals (SIA) and an acknowledgment is to be obtained. 2. Foreign Investment: A prior approval from the Secretariat of Industrial Approvals, Ministry of Industry(Government of India) is required in order to Foreign investment in Indian Dairy Industry. 3. Foreign Technology Agreements: It also requires prior approval from the government of India . 4. Import of capital Goods Import of capital goods for dairy processing industry is allowed if it is financed through Foreign Equity and it also need of approval from the Secretariat of Industrial Approvals. 5. Import of Second Hand Capital Goods Second hand machinary can be imported if it meets conditions like minimum residual life of 5 years, equipment age should not be more than 7 years old, certificate from the Chartered Engineers of the country of origin certifying the age , the Residual life is to be produced and import will be allowed only for actual users. (Source: indiadairy.com) The Management Systems Certification (MSC) activity of the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS): It consists of a series of activities with which it will assess the capability of an organizations Management Systems such as IS/ISO 9001:2000(Quality Management Systems), IS/ISO 14001:2004( Environmental Management Systems ),IS 18001:2000(Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems),IS15000:1998 ( Food Hygiene Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) System )and the combination of two or more than two systems (integrated management systems) and it will provide third party Certification to the organizations. BIS offers certification to the following standard: IS/ISO 9001:2000: This standard comes under Quality Management Systems Certification Scheme (QMSCS) provided by Bureau of Indian Standards and it is identical to ISO 9001:2000 -`Quality Management Systems . IS does not provide any form of consultancy services for implementation of the requirements of IS/ISO 9001:2000 standard as under its Quality Management Systems Certification Scheme, BIS grants licenses against IS/ISO 9001:2000 standard. Accreditation of BIS QMSCS by Raad voor Accreditatie (RvA), Netherlands, is a testimony of BIS QMSCS operating to internationally accepted criteria. BIS Quality Management Systems Certification Scheme is accredited by RvA for twenty three sectors. IS/ISO 14001: This standard comes under Environmental Management Systems Certification Scheme (EMSCS) and is identical to ISO 14001 -`Environmental Management Systems. This standard helps the organizations to achieve and demonstrate sound environmental performance. It does not provide any form of consultancy services for implementation of the requirements of IS/ISO 14001 but it grants licenses against IS/ISO 14001 standard. IS 18001:2000: This standard comes under Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems and helps in good health and safety performance ensuring an accident-free industrial environment. This will also improves organizations smooth and effective functioning. IS 15000:1998: This standard comes under Food Hygiene -Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) System and it is designed to identify and prevent microbial and other hazards in food production. It helps the producers, processors, distributors, exporters, etc, of food products to utilize technical resources efficiently and in a cost effective manner in assuring food safety .It does not provide any form of consultancy services for implementation of the requirements of IS15000 standard as under its HACCP HACCP-Quality Management Systems (QMS) Certification Scheme but it grants licenses against IS 15000 (HACCP stand-alone certification) or IS 15000 integrated with IS/ISO 9001:2000 standard (HACCP integrated with QMS Certification). The Benefits of BIS Certification for management systems: It improves both internal operational benefits and external marketing advantages of an organization. And it also provide an assurance of consistent quality, pollution prevention, waste reduction, safety and health of employees to highly competitive international market-place, customers, governments, general public, employees and stakeholders . (Source: Bureau of Indian standards Management Systems Certification Quality Manual, issue 1, 2004). Major problem associated with quality standards: Small holders have difficulty complying with SPS/ QUALITY STANDARDS (FAO, 2002). Conclusion: There is need of Training of suitable man power on Quality and food safety management systems such as ISO Standards ,good hygienic practices and good manufacturing practices and application of concept and principles of sanitary and phyto sanitary (SPS ) and Hazard Analysis and critical control point ( HAACP ) systems throughout the food Chain from farmer to consumer , becomes important for producing quality milk products. So, Indian government should take proper measures in order to improve people skill in the quality and safety management systems so that Indian dairy sector Quality and Safety management systems will improve.

The Clean Water Act Of 1977 :: The Clean Water Act

As swans drift with the current on a secluded lake in upper Canada they think not of the water they are in but of dreams of the past and wants for the future. On the other hand, seals off the coast of Northern California fear for their lives every day of humans exploiting their natural habitat. Many things can endanger water born animals, and most all of these come directly from humans. The pollutants of water come from many sources both close and far away from the water body itself. Wastes of humans are the major cause of pollution in the water, such materials include sewage, chemicals among other notable items. First, the composition water: water is odorless, tasteless and a transparent liquid. Though in large quantities water appears to have a bluish tint, it maintains the transparent tendency when observed in smaller quantities. Water covers approximately seventy percent of the Earth's surface in the solid and liquid form. Pollutants can be carried over a great distance by combin ing with evaporating moisture, forming clouds and then the wind taking the clouds to the larger body of water. This process is called acid rain and it is a major source of water pollution. Acid rain has been a problem since the Industrial Revolution, and has kept growing ever since. With acid rain moving over to a fresh water body, the plants and animals could experience pollution that they never had to deal with before and they could possibly die for the sudden change without them having time to adapt, if this is possible. Clean water involves seclusion of lakes and hoping the acid rain does not reach these pure water supplies. Another major source of contaminating clean water are oil spills and how destructively they blanket the shoreline they come in contact with. Although offshore drilling expeditions contribute some to the devastating outcome, oil tankers are the superior enemies toward the water. One estimate is that for every one million tons of petroleum shipped one ton is s pilled. The largest super tanker spill was in 1979 when 3.3 million barrels was spilled off the coast of France. The largest in the United States was the Exxon Valdez in the gulf of Alaska. On the night of March 24, 1989 the 987 foot Exxon Valdez ran aground in the gulf of Alaska spilling 260,000 barrels of oil. With the help of the forceful winds, the slick soon covered about 1,100 miles of shoreline, including many islands in the sound.

Pants

Systematic way of organizing and explaining observations B) hypothetical way of organizing and explaining characteristics of people C) systematic framework for creating a hypothesis based on data and experimentation D) framework based on one's psychological perspective 2. A hypothesis is best characterized as: A) a procedure that precedes a theoretical framework B) any phenomenon that can change from one situation to another C) a systematic way of organizing and explaining observations D) a tentative belief about the relationship between two or more variables .Variables that can be placed on a continuum, such as the degree of happiness or the amount of income, are referred to as: A) dependent variables B) independent variables C) categorical variables D) continuous variables 4. Any variable that is comprised of groupings or classifications such that a person must be in one group or another is referred to as a/an: A) dependent variable B) independent variable C) categorical variable D ) continuous variable 5. I am running an experiment in which my participants have a drink and then drive a car. To ensure that I have good results, my participants shouldA) try hard to drive well when in next in line B) be blind to the results C) be able to explain their observations D) have the same basic procedure so as to minimize unintended variations 6. A subgroup of the population that is likely to be representative of the population as a whole is known as A) a culture B) a sample C) a population D) a subculture 7. Good psychological research uses standardized procedures in order to: A) make sure that a representative sample is being used B) expose participants in a study to as similar procedures as possible C) ensure external validity D) ensure objectivity 8.In order to ensure that the findings obtained with your sample can be applied to the population, your study should involve which of the following? A) stratified sample of subjects B) external validity C) experimenter's di lemma D) all of the above 9. A test that yields relatively similar scores for the same individual over time has which ONE of the following types of reliability? A) test-retest reliability B) integrate reliability C) interim reliability D) contextual reliability 10. If two or more individuals agree on some dimension and give a participant the same score, then that study possesses: A) test-retest reliability 1.Validity is present when: A) the test measures what it is supposed to measure B) measurement reflects truth C) measurement reflects theory correctly D) the test measures the same way each time 12. With regard to face validity, which of the following is true? A) face validity refers to whether or not the measure looks like it measures what it purports to measure B) many researchers go out of their way to make sure their scale does not have face validity C) face validity is the least important type of validity 13.One of the best ways to obtain an accurate assessment off variable i s A) with face validity B) through central reliability C) by using multiple measures D) by using a representative sample 14. Which one of the following is NOT a type of descriptive research? A) case study B) naturalistic observation C) survey D) correlation study 15. A case study is: A) a survey of a person's likes and dislikes B) generalize with little effort C) the study of one individual in great depth D) appropriate for small groups 16.Possible limitations of the case-study method include: A) investigator bias B) small sample size C) lack of generalization 17. The major problem with survey methods is that: A) most people don't want to talk about themselves B) it is hard to question people in their natural environments C) they rely on participants to report on themselves truthfully and accurately D) all of the above 18. Before an experiment begins, the participant must agree to participate in the study.In other words, the participant must provide: A) substantial knowledge B) info rmed consent C) debriefing D) ethical knowledge 19. Debriefing a subject means: A) you briefly explain what will happen in the experiment before you begin B) you explain the purpose of the study and remove any stressful after effects after the artificial is finished C) you have the subject sign a document agreeing to be in the experiment D) you run through the experiment quickly with a participant for practice before you begin collecting data 20.I find that there is a +. 59 correlation between shoe size and intelligence. What can I correctly conclude? A) Having a bigger shoe size causes you to be more intelligent. B) Being more intelligent causes you to have bigger feet and, thus, a bigger shoe size. C) Exercise stimulates both physical growth (resulting in bigger feet) and intellectual growth (resulting in higher intelligence levels). D) Shoe size and

200 FOUNDATIONS FOR GENERAL EDUCATION AND PROFESSIONAL SUCCESS Ess

GEN/200 FOUNDATIONS FOR GENERAL EDUCATION AND PROFESSIONAL SUCCESS Ess LEARNING TEAM CHARTER TEAM X Course TitleGEN/200 FOUNDATIONS FOR GENERAL EDUCATION AND PROFESSIONAL SUCCESS Team Ground Rules and Guidelines What are the general expectations for all members of the team? Be helpful.(Nasa) Complete all assignments, and have them turned in on time.( Joe) Return your assignment on time NO DELAYS ( Tracy) My expectations for time management and involvement would be to have the group discuss somewhat of what their schedule is and when would be a good time to meet as a group. We would also need to establish a good way for all of us to communicate whether it be via email, chat, or even group Skype. We will need to make sure that we all have the time to meet and discuss our assignments (Reeuna) Expectations for Time Management and Involvement (Participation, communication with the team, accessibility, etc.) Get it done because are all effected if you dont (Nasa) All team members participate and communicate with each other, let others in group know there schedule and times they will be available (Joe) Communication is the key (Tracy) Everyone will have their part of the assignment to complete in a timely manner. The work will be evenly spread among the group so that no one will feel as if they are doing more than the other. The communication strategy will be a phone call or email to each member to see how they are progressing in their part of the assignment and to remind them that we have a deadline to meet as a team. If there is any conflict within the team we just make sure to make our team members realize that we are all responsible for the group assignment and we all are going to receive the same grade. We also encourage our members to put aside any issues that they might have and focus on just the assignment (Reeuna) Ensuring Fair and Even Contribution and Collaboration What strategy will you use to ensure that all team members are contributing and collaborating appropriately? Describe the communication strategy you will use if a team member is not contributing and collaborating effectively. How will the team manage conflicts between team members? I will call you, I will e-mail you I will bug you if that is what it takes to gets things done I am good at it.(Nasa) Learn new ways as we move along. If this is the first time in a learning team, use this to make the future experiences better (Joe) I will try to contact all the team member the best was possible but if they fail to complete their assignment then thats there grade and not mine. (Tracy) To make sure that everyone knows one another schedule and have their correct contact information so that are assignments are on time and submitted correctly also an assignment that everyone agrees on (Reeuna) Special Considerations What do you, as a team, agree will make this team experience different from past team experiences? I will be open mind to all new ideas that can benefit everyone.

Free Essays on Escobedo

ESCOBEDO VS. ILLINOIS History: The Supreme Court case, Escobedo v. Illinois in 1964, involved the violations of a person’s right to counsel and of a person’s right to remain silent after being arrested for a crime. Facts: Danny Escobedo was arrested and taken into police headquarters for interrogation in connection with the murder of his brother-in-law. While being held, Escobedo made several attempts to see his lawyer, who was present in the building, but he was denied the right to access him. During this interrogation, the police also failed to advise him of his right to remain silent, and after persistent questioning by the police, he made a self-incriminating statement which was admitted during the trial and helped to convict him of murder. Issues: 1.Does this case violate the 5th Amendment, which gives the suspect the right not to self-incriminate oneself. 2.Does the case violate the 6th Amendment, which prohibits the accused from being denied the right to counsel? 3.Does this case violate the 14th Amendment, which gives the accused the right to due process? Decisions: 1.Yes, the Court ruled that, under the 5th Amendment right of Escobedo had been violated. 2. Yes, the Court ruled that no system worth preserving should have to fear a person’s right to use counsel. 3. Yes, the court ruled that Escobedo had not received his due process. Reasoning: The majority opinion, written by Justice Arthur J. Goldberg, struck down Escobedo’s conviction by a narrow vote of 5 to 4. Justice Byron R. White wrote the minority opinion which said that the right to counsel â€Å"now not only entitles the accused to counsel’s advice and aid in preparing for trial, but stands as an impenetrable barrier to any interrogation once the accused has become a suspect.†... Free Essays on Escobedo Free Essays on Escobedo ESCOBEDO VS. ILLINOIS History: The Supreme Court case, Escobedo v. Illinois in 1964, involved the violations of a person’s right to counsel and of a person’s right to remain silent after being arrested for a crime. Facts: Danny Escobedo was arrested and taken into police headquarters for interrogation in connection with the murder of his brother-in-law. While being held, Escobedo made several attempts to see his lawyer, who was present in the building, but he was denied the right to access him. During this interrogation, the police also failed to advise him of his right to remain silent, and after persistent questioning by the police, he made a self-incriminating statement which was admitted during the trial and helped to convict him of murder. Issues: 1.Does this case violate the 5th Amendment, which gives the suspect the right not to self-incriminate oneself. 2.Does the case violate the 6th Amendment, which prohibits the accused from being denied the right to counsel? 3.Does this case violate the 14th Amendment, which gives the accused the right to due process? Decisions: 1.Yes, the Court ruled that, under the 5th Amendment right of Escobedo had been violated. 2. Yes, the Court ruled that no system worth preserving should have to fear a person’s right to use counsel. 3. Yes, the court ruled that Escobedo had not received his due process. Reasoning: The majority opinion, written by Justice Arthur J. Goldberg, struck down Escobedo’s conviction by a narrow vote of 5 to 4. Justice Byron R. White wrote the minority opinion which said that the right to counsel â€Å"now not only entitles the accused to counsel’s advice and aid in preparing for trial, but stands as an impenetrable barrier to any interrogation once the accused has become a suspect.†...

Validity of qualitative research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Validity of qualitative research - Essay Example ent to which results, as the researcher presents them, are consistent with the offered perceptions by the research participants in a study (Lodico, Spailding and Voegtle, 2010). Many strategies exist for improving validity or credibility in a qualitative research. Extending a study to cover a long period is one of the strategies to improving validity. This offers sufficient time for interaction between a researcher and research participants and reduces chances of misconceptions towards data that do not represent perception of research participants or reality on observed phenomenon. An ethnographic study is an example and longer period allows the researcher to understand cultural values of participants into observed behavior. Triangulation is another strategy for improving validity of a qualitative study. This involves application of more than one strategy in the research process. An example is the use of observation together with interviews in data collection to ensure consistency in collected data. Obtaining validation from research participants is another approach to improving validity or credibility in a qualitative research and may involve secondary con tacts with participants for confirmation of collected data (Yin, 2011). My experience with qualitative research at academic and professional levels justifies this. Studies on perception towards arts for marketing purposes are

It 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

It 1 - Essay Example Furthermore, experts in the IT sector require prior knowledge in business strategies and the technological sector. Therefore, IT management is about management because in all business entities, management usually involves togetherness to accomplish certain objectives using available resources. I think that IT experts have a clear understanding of the business better than other individuals in the business sector. In fact, IT experts have the ability to gain a better understanding of the business. It is quite clear that there is no other department in the business sector which interacts with diverse parties as compared to the IT sector. In fact, in the contemporary world, most activities usually require IT information and skills. This has been significantly attributed to the development in technology. Research asserts that business knowledge and technical knowledge should be merged together to improve the overall functioning of the company. If the business experts and the technological individuals share knowledge, communication can be enhanced significantly in the company. This affirms that the overall performance of a company can be improved by the business manager and the IT experts (Austin, Nolan, and O’Donnell 11). According to Barton, it is quite evident that business knowledge and technical knowledge should be merged together. According to the context, the capability gap is depicted by two hills and a valley between them. One of the hills represents the executive side while the other side represents IT leaders. The executives are supposed to acquire enough understanding of a business to become effective IT experts. This capability gap is brought about by the fact that business executives lack knowledge in IT management. Lack of communication between the business executives and the IT department has also contributed to the capability gap. Barton explains that it is difficult to bridge the